**Fragipan**
A fragipan is a subsurface soil horizon characterized by its dense, brittle, and compacted nature, which restricts water movement and root penetration. It typically forms in temperate regions and is identified by its distinct physical properties compared to surrounding soil layers.
## Characteristics of Fragipan
Fragipans are dense and hard when dry but become slightly plastic when moist. They often exhibit a blocky or prismatic structure and have a high bulk density. The brittleness causes the soil to fracture when disturbed, creating vertical cracks that can influence water flow.
## Formation and Distribution
Fragipans develop through processes such as compaction, cementation by silica or iron oxides, and freeze-thaw cycles. They are commonly found in glaciated landscapes and temperate climates, affecting soil drainage and root growth.
## Impact on Soil and Plant Growth
The presence of a fragipan can impede root development and reduce water infiltration, leading to poor drainage and potential waterlogging above the horizon. This can limit agricultural productivity and influence land management practices.
**Meta Description:**
Fragipan is a dense, brittle subsurface soil layer that restricts water movement and root growth. It commonly occurs in temperate regions and affects soil drainage and plant development.