**Declaration of Independence (painting)**
**Definition:**
*Declaration of Independence* is a famous historical painting by John Trumbull, completed in 1818, depicting the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Continental Congress on June 28, 1776. It is one of the most iconic images representing the founding of the United States.
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## Declaration of Independence (painting)
### Overview
*Declaration of Independence* is a large-scale oil painting created by American artist John Trumbull. The work portrays a pivotal moment in American history: the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress. Completed in 1818, the painting is renowned for its detailed and dramatic depiction of the Founding Fathers and is displayed prominently in the United States Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D.C.
### Historical Context
The painting captures the scene on June 28, 1776, when the Committee of Five—Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston—presented the draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Continental Congress. This event occurred during the American Revolutionary War, a period marked by the thirteen American colonies’ struggle for independence from British rule.
John Trumbull, who served as an aide to General George Washington during the Revolutionary War, sought to commemorate the birth of the nation through his art. His goal was to create a visual record of the key moments and figures involved in the founding of the United States.
### Creation and Commission
Trumbull began working on the painting in 1817 after receiving a commission from the United States Congress. The commission was part of a broader effort to decorate the Capitol Rotunda with historical paintings that celebrated the nation’s origins. Trumbull was chosen for his firsthand experience in the Revolutionary War and his reputation as a historical painter.
The artist conducted extensive research to ensure accuracy, including interviewing surviving participants and studying portraits of the individuals involved. Trumbull painted the work in New York City, completing it in 1818. The painting measures approximately 12 by 18 feet (3.7 by 5.5 meters), making it a monumental piece designed to command attention.
### Composition and Subjects
The painting depicts 47 men, including many of the most prominent figures of the American Revolution. Central to the composition are the five members of the drafting committee presenting the document to John Hancock, the President of the Continental Congress. Thomas Jefferson is shown handing the document to Hancock, flanked by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.
Other notable figures include Samuel Adams, Robert Morris, Richard Henry Lee, and George Wythe, among others. Trumbull arranged the figures in a semicircle around the table, emphasizing the collaborative nature of the event. The room is depicted with high ceilings and large windows, suggesting the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia.
Trumbull’s attention to detail extends to the accurate rendering of clothing, facial features, and even the expressions of the men, which range from solemnity to determination. The painting does not depict the actual signing of the Declaration, which occurred later on August 2, 1776, but rather the presentation of the draft.
### Artistic Style and Significance
Trumbull’s style in *Declaration of Independence* is neoclassical, characterized by clarity, balance, and an emphasis on heroic subjects. The painting reflects the ideals of the early 19th century, portraying the Founding Fathers as noble and virtuous leaders.
The work is significant not only as a historical document but also as a symbol of American identity and patriotism. It has been widely reproduced and adapted, appearing on currency, postage stamps, and in educational materials. The painting helped shape the popular visual narrative of the nation’s founding.
### Reception and Legacy
Upon its completion, *Declaration of Independence* was well received and quickly became an important part of the Capitol’s artistic collection. It remains one of the most recognized images of American history and continues to be studied for its historical and artistic value.
Trumbull later created additional paintings depicting other key moments of the American Revolution, including *The Surrender of General Burgoyne* and *The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis*. Together, these works form a visual trilogy commemorating the struggle for American independence.
### Location and Display
The original painting is permanently installed in the United States Capitol Rotunda, where it is displayed alongside other monumental works of American history. Its prominent placement underscores its importance as a national symbol.
Smaller versions and prints of the painting are found in museums and institutions across the United States, further cementing its role in American cultural heritage.
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**Meta Description:**
*Declaration of Independence* is a historic painting by John Trumbull depicting the presentation of the Declaration draft to the Continental Congress. Completed in 1818, it is displayed in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda and remains an iconic symbol of American independence.