**Hypericum revolutum**
**Definition**
*Hypericum revolutum* is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, commonly known as St. John’s wort. It is a shrub or small tree native to parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, recognized for its bright yellow flowers and medicinal properties.
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## Hypericum revolutum
### Taxonomy and Nomenclature
*Hypericum revolutum* belongs to the genus *Hypericum*, which comprises over 400 species commonly referred to as St. John’s wort. The species was first described by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in the early 19th century. The specific epithet „revolutum” refers to the characteristic revolute (rolled backward) margins of the leaves.
### Description
*Hypericum revolutum* is typically a shrub or small tree, growing to heights of 2 to 6 meters. The plant exhibits a bushy habit with multiple stems arising from the base. Its leaves are opposite, simple, and leathery, with margins that are distinctly revolute, curling under toward the underside. The leaves are dark green on the upper surface and paler beneath.
The species is most notable for its bright yellow flowers, which are relatively large, measuring approximately 3 to 5 centimeters in diameter. Each flower has five petals and numerous stamens arranged in bundles, a characteristic feature of the genus. Flowering generally occurs during the warmer months, attracting a variety of pollinators including bees and butterflies.
The fruit is a capsule that splits open when mature to release numerous small seeds. The seeds are dispersed primarily by wind and sometimes by animals.
### Distribution and Habitat
*Hypericum revolutum* is native to eastern and southern Africa, with a range extending from Ethiopia and Sudan in the north, through Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi, to South Africa in the south. It is also found in parts of the Arabian Peninsula, including Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
The species typically grows in montane and submontane regions, favoring altitudes between 1,200 and 2,800 meters. It thrives in forest margins, open woodlands, and grasslands, often in areas with well-drained soils. It is adapted to a range of climatic conditions but prefers regions with moderate rainfall and cooler temperatures associated with higher elevations.
### Ecology
*Hypericum revolutum* plays an important role in its native ecosystems. Its flowers provide nectar and pollen for a variety of insects, including bees, which are important pollinators. The dense foliage offers shelter and nesting sites for birds and small mammals.
The plant is also involved in ecological succession, often colonizing disturbed areas and contributing to soil stabilization. Its ability to grow in a range of habitats makes it a resilient species within its native range.
### Uses
#### Medicinal Uses
Like many species in the genus *Hypericum*, *H. revolutum* has been used in traditional medicine. Various parts of the plant, including leaves and stems, have been employed to treat ailments such as wounds, burns, and infections. The plant contains bioactive compounds, including hypericin and hyperforin, which have been studied for their antimicrobial and antidepressant properties.
Ethnobotanical studies have documented its use in treating gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, scientific validation of these uses is limited, and further pharmacological research is necessary to confirm efficacy and safety.
#### Ornamental Uses
Due to its attractive yellow flowers and evergreen foliage, *Hypericum revolutum* is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks, particularly in regions with climates similar to its native habitat. It is valued for its hardiness and ability to provide year-round greenery.
#### Other Uses
The wood of *H. revolutum* is occasionally used for fuel and small-scale construction, although it is not a major timber species. The plant may also be used in traditional agroforestry systems for shade and soil improvement.
### Cultivation
*Hypericum revolutum* can be propagated from seed or cuttings. Seeds require well-drained soil and moderate moisture to germinate successfully. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and is tolerant of a range of soil types, provided they are not waterlogged.
In cultivation, it is important to mimic the plant’s natural montane environment to ensure healthy growth. It is relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefits from occasional watering during prolonged dry periods.
### Conservation Status
Currently, *Hypericum revolutum* is not listed as threatened or endangered. It has a wide distribution and is relatively common within its native range. However, habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, deforestation, and urbanization could pose localized threats.
Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and sustainable use, particularly in areas where the plant is harvested for medicinal purposes.
### Research and Phytochemistry
Scientific interest in *Hypericum revolutum* has increased due to its phytochemical constituents. Studies have identified several secondary metabolites, including naphthodianthrones, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which contribute to its biological activity.
Research has explored its potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidepressant effects, drawing parallels with the well-studied *Hypericum perforatum* (common St. John’s wort). However, *H. revolutum* remains less extensively studied, and more clinical trials are needed to establish its therapeutic potential.
### Cultural Significance
In some African cultures, *Hypericum revolutum* holds traditional significance, often associated with healing and protection. It may be used in rituals or as part of herbal remedies passed down through generations.
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## Summary
*Hypericum revolutum* is a versatile and ecologically important species native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Its bright yellow flowers and medicinal properties make it notable both in natural ecosystems and traditional human use. While not currently threatened, ongoing habitat changes necessitate monitoring to ensure its continued presence in native landscapes.
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**Meta Description:**
*Hypericum revolutum* is a shrub or small tree native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, known for its bright yellow flowers and traditional medicinal uses. It thrives in montane habitats and plays a role in local ecosystems and cultures.